CLAPPIER Alain

My research focuses on methods and tools to help design energy strategies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve air quality. Over the last few years, I have contributed to several fields:

- The design of low-cost air quality study methods adapted to developing countries. These methods have been used in countries such as Colombia, Vietnam and Cuba.

- The design of air quality models using Source/Receptor algorithms. This type of algorithm makes it possible to calculate the effects of emission reductions on air quality using very little computing time. This research is being applied throughout Europe by the European Union's Directorate-General for the Environment (DG Environment).

- Methods for designing energy strategies. These methods take into account both technical and economic constraints, and make it possible to assess the advantages and disadvantages of introducing renewable energies (solar, wind or hydroelectric) into the energy mix of a country or region. This research has been carried out in Cuba and is currently being tested in France in the Grand Est region.

SHERPA software development: https://aqm.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sherpa.aspx

SHERPA software is used to calculate the effects of pollutant emission reductions on their concentrations in the atmosphere. SHERPA is based on the calculation of simple algebraic relationships between emissions and concentrations (Source/Receptor relationships). Thanks to this approach, results that would have taken weeks to calculate with a "conventional" air quality model can be achieved in a matter of minutes. As a result, Source/Receptor models are essential elements in the design of strategies to reduce pollutant emissions, as they are the only ones capable of testing a sufficiently large number of scenarios.

The SHERPA model represents a major advance over existing Source/Receptor models. It is much quicker to implement and provides much more accurate spatial information.

SHERPA has been implemented across Europe by the EU's DG Environment. The article describing the model and presenting results for the whole of Europe is as follows:

• Thunis, P., B. Degraeuwe, E. Pisoni, M. Trombetti, E. Peduzzi, C.A. Belis, J. Wilson, A. Clappier and E. Vignati, 2018: PM2.5 source allocation in European cities: A SHERPA modelling study, Atmos. Environ., 187, 93-106 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.05.062.

Other articles describe the algorithms used in SHERPA in more detail:

• Clappier et al., 2015, Thunis et al., 2016, Pisoni et al. 2017.

Analysis of source apportionment methods

Part of my research focuses on the analysis of source apportionment methods. The aim of these methods is to trace the origin of air pollution based on observations and/or numerical models. This is an essential element in the design of air pollution abatement strategies. Several source apportionment methods are currently in use. Unfortunately, they produce different results for reasons that had not yet been clearly elucidated prior to my research work.

Two guides have been written and put on line, providing a better understanding of how source apportionment methods differ from one another, and recommending the conditions under which they should be used:

• Clappier, A., P. Thunis, G. Pirovano, V. Riffault, S. Gilardoni, 2022: Source apportionment to support air quality management practices: A fitness-for-purpose guide V4.0, JRC Technical Report. https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC130562

A scientific article detailing theoretical aspects of source apportionment methods and explaining why the results of these methods can differ has been published:

• Clappier A., C. Belis, D. Pernigotti and P. Thunis, 2017: Source apportionment and sensitivity analysis: Two methodologies with two different purposes, Geoscientific Model Development, 10(11), 4245-4256 - https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4245-2017.

Air quality study methods for use in developing countries

Calculating vehicle emissions requires the estimation of emission factors (i.e. the quantity of pollutant emitted per kilometer driven). Emissions factors are traditionally estimated using extremely expensive equipment that only sufficiently wealthy countries can afford. For several years now, my research has been focused on developing alternative methods that are less accurate but much less expensive, so that they can be used in developing countries where pollution levels are generally much higher than in wealthier countries.

The latest development of the method for estimating emission factors was carried out in Cuba, and led to the following article:

• Madrazo, J., and A. Clappier, 2018: Low-cost methodology to estimate vehicle emission factors, Atmos. Pollu. Reas., 9, 322-332 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2017.10.006.

This work follows several previously published developments in Colombia and Vietnam:

• Belalcazar et al., 2010, Belalcazar et al., 2009.

2008-now     

Professor of climatology at the Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement of the CNRS and Strasbourg University in France.

My main tasks are to lead researches in the field of the design of energy, climate change and air pollution mitigation strategies and teach for Bachelor and Master students.

• 2024-now   Director of the Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement
• 2023-now   Responsable of the WG44/CEN (Working group 44 European Committee for Standardization) “Ambient air – Source apportionment”.
• 2013-18      Expert in air quality modelling and integrated assessment modelling at the European Joint Research Center in Ispra (Italy).
• 2014-18      Invited professor at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
• 2008-12      Lecturer in climatology and air quality at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL).

1998-2008 

Leader of a research group specialised in air quality modelling at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL). My main tasks were to give courses in the field of air quality modelling, to lead PhD works and seek funds to finance researches in the following topics:

1. The development of different numerical models, the meteorological model FVM (Finite Volume Model), the air quality model TAPOM (Transport and Photochemistry Mesoscale Model), the emission model EMISENS (Emission Sensitivity).
2. Air quality studies in different cities, Milan (Italia), Madrid (Spain), Grenoble (France), Strasbourg (France), Los Angeles (USA), Mexico, Bogota (Colombia), Ho Chi Min (Vietnam).

1996-98         

PhD at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL) in the field of the improvements and applications of numerical transport algorithms in air quality models.

1990-96        

Research and teaching assistant at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL) in the field of numerical modelling and simulation of the atmosphere.

I teach at the University of Strasbourg's Faculty of Geography in two main areas:

• Axis 1 deals with themes close to my own research. It covers problems linked to energy production and its consequences on climate change and air pollution, as well as the strategies to be implemented. It is a first-year Master's course entitled "Air, Climate, Energy".
• Axis 2 focuses on statistics and mathematics applied to geography. It comprises three statistics courses (in the second and third years of the Bachelor's program and in the first year of the Master's program) and one mathematics course (in the second year of the Bachelor's program).

Thesis spervision:

In preparation :

Guevara, M.:, Integrated assessment of energy strategies and their impact on air pollution, Thesis from université de Strasbourg. 

PhD director: Prof. A. Clappier.

Finished:

Cuéllar Álvarez, Y.,2022: Desarrollo de una nueva metodología de evaluación integrada para diseñar y seleccionar las mejores estrategias de reducción de las emisiones del transporte urbano de pasajeros, Thesis from universidad nacional de Colombia (Bogota).

Madrazo, J., 2018: Alternative Methods for Assessing Air Quality and Energy Strategies for Developing Countries: A Case Study on Cuba, Thesis from EPFL n° 9010.

Minarova, J., 2017: Extreme precipitation in low mountain ranges in central Europe: a comparative study between the Vosges and the Ore Mountains, Thesis from Strasbourg University.

Kohler, M., 2015: Assessement of building energy requirements: added value of the use of the urban climate modeling, Thesis from Strasbourg University.

Mauree, D., 2014: Development of a multi-scale meteorological system to improve urban climate modelling, Thesis from Strasbourg University.

Sajjad, S. H., 2013: Observation and modelling approaches to study urban climate: Application on Pakistan, Thesis from Strasbourg University..

Ho, Q. B., 2010: Optimal methodology to generate road traffic emissions for air quality modelling: Application to Ho Chi Minh City, Thesis from EPFL n° 4793.

Ho, M. D., 2010: Air pollution from road traffic in Ho Chi Minh City: Estimation of air pollutants emission factors and air quality modeling, Thesis from the Vietnam National University in HCMC n° 62.85.10.01.

Krpo, A., 2009:  Development and application of a numerical simulation system to evaluate the impact of anthropogenic heat fluxes on urban boundary layer climate, Thesis from EPFL n° 4428.

Rasheed, A., 2009:  Multiscale modelling of urban climat, Thesis from EPFL n° 4531.

Belalcazar, L. C., 2009:  Alternative techniques to assess road traffic emissions, Thesis from EPFL n° 4504.

Luong Van Viet, 2009: Studying the effect of urbanization on the atmospheric boundary layer, testing in Ho Chi Minh City, Thesis from the Vietnam National University in HCMC n° 62.85.15.01.

Muller, C., 2007: Improvement of an urban turbulence parameterization for meteorological operarational forecast and air quality modeling, Thesis from EPFL n° 3766.

Zarate, E., 2007: Understanding the origins and fate of air pollution in Bogota, Colombia, Thesis from EPFL n° 3768.

Roulet, Y.-A., 2004: Validation and application of an urban turbulence parameterization scheme for mesoscale atmospheric models, Thesis from EPFL n° 3032.

Junier M., 2004: Gas phase chemistry mechanisms for air quality modeling: generation and application to case studies, Thesis from EPFL n° 2936.

Martilli, A., 2001: Development of an urban turbulence parameterization for mesoscale atmospheric models, Thesis from EPFL n° 2445.      

1996-98    PhD from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL).

1988-89    Post graduate degree in computational fluid dynamics at the Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Hydraulique et de Mécanique (ENSHMG) and at the Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mathématiques Appliquées de Grenoble (ENSIMAG).

1985-88    Master degree in engineering at the Ecole Supérieure de l'Energie et des Matériaux (ESEM) d'Orléans.

• Cuellar-Alvarez Y., M. A. Guevara‑Luna, L. C. Belalcazar-Ceron and A.Clappier 2023: Well‑to‑Wheels emission inventory for the passenger vehicles of Bogotá, Colombia, International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-04805-z

• Thunis, P., A.Clappier, E. Pisoni, B. Bessagnet, J. Kuenen, M. Guevara and S. Lopez-Aparicio 2022: A multi-pollutant and multi-sectorial approach to screen the consistency of emission inventories, Geosci. Model Dev., 15(13), 5271–5286.

• Cuellar-Alvarez Y., A.Clappier, M. Osses, P. Thunis and L. C. Belalcazar-Ceron 2022: Well-to-wheel emissions and abatement strategies for passenger vehicles in two Latin-American cities, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, 72074–72085.

• Thunis, P., A.Clappier, A. de Meij, E. Pisoni, B. Bessagnet and L. Tarrason 2021: Why is the city’s responsibility for its air pollution often underestimated? A focus on PM2.5, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18195–18212.

• Hussain Sajjad, S., N. Blond, T. Mohsin, K. Shakrullah and A.Clappier, 2021: Temperature variability over urban, town, and rural areas: The case of Pakistan, International Journal of Climatology, 1–20.

• Clappier, A., P. Thunis, M. Beekmann, J.-P. Putaud and A. de Meij, 2021: Impact of SOx, NOx and NH3 emission reductions on PM2.5 concentrations across Europe: Hints for future measure development, Environment International, 156, 106699.

• Thunis, P., A.Clappier, M. Beekmann, J.-P. Putaud, C. Cuvelier, J. Madrazo, and A. de Meij,  2021: Non-linear response of PM2.5 to changes in NOx and NH3 emissions in the Po basin (Italy): consequences for air quality plans, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9309–9327.

• Clappier, A. and P. Thunis 2020: A probabilistic approach to screen and improve emission inventories, Atmos.Environ., 242, 117831.

• Guevara Luna, M. A., A. Casallas, L. C. Belalcázar Cerón and A. Clappier, 2020: Implementation and evaluation of WRF simulation over a city with complex terrain using Alos-Palsar 0.4 s topography, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 37818–37838.

• Pisoni, E., P. Thunis and A. Clappier, 2019: Application of the SHERPA source-receptor relationships, based on the EMEP MSC-W model, for the assessment of air quality policy scenarios, Atmos.Environ., 4, 100047.

• Thunis, P., A. Clappier, L. Tarrason, C. Cuvelier, A. Monteiro, E. Pisoni, J. Wesseling, C.A. Belis, G. Pirovano, S. Janssen, C. Guerreiro and E. Peduzzi, 2019: Source apportionment to support air quality planning: Strengths and weaknesses of existing approaches, Environment International, 130, 104825.

• Madrazo, J., A. Clappier, O. A. Cuesta, L. Belalcazar, E. R. Carrillo Vitale, C. Sosa Pérez, J. Bolufé Torres, Y. Gonzalez Jaime, R. W. Manso Jiménez, J. Canciano Fernández and F. Golay, 2019: Evidence of traffic-generated air pollution in Havane, Atmosferá, 32, 60-75.

• Mauree, D., N. Blond and A. Clappier 2018: Multi-scale modeling of the urban meteorology: Integration of a new canopy model in the WRF model, Urban Climate, 26, 60-75.

• Peduzzi, E., E. Pisoni, A. Clappier and P. Thunis 2018: Multi-level policies for air quality: implications of national and sub-national emission reductions on population exposure, Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health, 11, 1121–1135.

• Thunis, P., B. Degraeuwe, E. Pisoni, M. Trombetti, E. Peduzzi, C.A. Belis, J. Wilson, A. Clappier and E. Vignati, 2018: PM2.5 source allocation in European cities: A SHERPA modelling study, Atmos. Environ., 187, 93-106.

• Madrazo, J., A. Clappier, L. Belalcazar, O. Cuesta, H. Contreras and F. Golay, 2018: Screening differences between a local inventory and the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), Science of the Total. Environ., 631-632, 934-941.

• Minarova, J., M. Muller, A. Clappier and M. Kaspar, 2018: Comparison of extreme precipitation characteristics between the Ore Mountains and the Vosges Mountains (Europe), Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 133(3-4),1249-1268.

• Madrazo, J., and A. Clappier, 2018: Low-cost methodology to estimate vehicle emission factors, Atmos. Pollu. Reas., 9, 322-332.

• Trombetti, M., P: Thunis, B. Bessagnet, A. Clappier, F. Couvidat, M. Guevara, J. Kuenen, S. López-Aparicio and B. Degraeuwe, 2018: Spatial inter-comparison of Top-down emission inventories in European urban areas, Atmos. Environ., 173, 142-156.

• Degraeuwe, B., P. Thunis, A. Clappier, M. Weiss, W. Lefebvre, S. Janssen and S. Vranckx, 2017: Impact of passenger car NO_x emissions on urban NO₂ pollution – Scenario analysis for 8 European cities, Atmos. Environ., 171, 330-337.

• Clappier A., C. Belis, D. Pernigotti and P. Thunis, 2017: Source apportionment and sensitivity analysis: Two methodologies with two different purposes, Geoscientific Model Development, 10(11), 4245-4256.

• Minarova, J., M. Muller, A. Clappier and M. Kaspar, 2017:  Characteristics of extreme precipitation in the Vosges Mountains region (north-eastern France), Inter. J. of Climato., 37(13), 4529-4542.

• Minarova, J., M. Muller, A. Clappier, S. Haensel, A. Hoy, J. Matschullat and M. Kaspar, 2017: Duration, rarity, affected area, and weather types associated with extreme precipitation in the Ore Mountains (Erzgebirge) region, Central Europe, Inter. J. of Climato., 37(12), 4463-4477.

• Guevara, M., S. Lopez-Aparicio, C. Cuvelier, L. Tarrason, A. Clappier and P. Thunis, 2017: A benchmarking tool to screen and compare bottom-up and top-down atmospheric emission inventories, Air Qual., Atmos. Health, 10(5), 627-642.

• Clappier A., H. Fagerli and P. Thunis, 2017: Screening of the EMEP source receptor relationships: application to five European countries, Air Qual., Atmos. Health, 10(4), 497-507.

• Minarova, J., M. Muller and A. Clappier, 2017: Seasonality of mean and heavy precipitation in the area of the Vosges Mountains: dependence on the selection criterion: Seasonality of mean & heavy precipitation in the Vosges mountains area, Inter. J. of Climato., 37(5), 2654-2666.

• Thunis, P., B. Degraeuwe, E. Pisoni, F. Meleux and A. Clappier, 2017: Analyzing the efficiency of short-term air quality plans in European cities, using the CHIMERE air quality model, Air Qual. Atmos. Health., 10(2), 235-248.

• Mauree, D., N. Blond, M. Kohler and A. Clappier, 2017: On the coherence in the boundary layer: development of a canopy interface model, Frontiers in Earth Science, 4, article 109.

• Pisoni, E., A. Clappier, B. Degraeuwe and P. Thunis, 2017: Adding spatial flexibility to source-receptor relationships for air quality modeling, Environ. Mod. Soft., 90, 68-77.

• Kohler M., C. Tannier, N. Blond, R. Aguejdad, and A. Clappier, 2017: Impacts of several urban-sprawl countermeasures on building (space heating) energy demands and urban heat island intensities. A case study, Urban Climate, 19, 92-121.

• Kohler, M., N. Blond and A. Clappier, 2016. A city scale degree-day method to assess building space heating energy demands in Strasbourg Eurometropolis (France), Appl. Energy, 184, 40-54.

• Thunis, P., B. Degraeuwe, E. Pisoni, F. Ferrari and A. Clappier, 2016. On the design and assessment of regional air quality plans: The SHERPA approach, J. of Environ. Manag., 183, 952-958.

• Thunis, P., B. Degraeuwe, K. Cuvelier, M. Guevara, L. Tarrason and A. Clappier, 2016. A novel approach to screen and compare emission inventories, Air Qual. Atmos. Health., 9(4), 325-333.

• Degraeuwe, B., P. Thunis, A. Clappier, M. Weiss, W. Lefebvre, S. Janssen and S. Vranckx, 2016: Impact of passenger car NOx emissions and NO2 fractions on urban NO2 pollution – Scenario analysis for the city of Antwerp, Belgium, Atmos. Environ., 126, 218-224.

• Clappier, A., E. Pisoni and P. Thunis, 2015. A new approach to design source–receptor relationships for air quality modelling, Environ. Mod. Soft., 74, 66-74.
• Thunis, P., E. Pisoni, B. Degraeuwe, R. Kranenburg, M. Schaap and A. Clappier, 2015. Dynamic evaluation of air quality models over European regions, Atmos. Environ., 111, 185-194.

• Thunis, P., A. Clappier, E. Pisoni and B. Degraeuwe, 2015. Quantification of non-linearities as a function of time averaging in regional air quality modeling, Atmos. Environ., 103, 263-275.

• Thunis, P. and A. Clappier, 2014. Indicators to support the dynamic evaluation of air quality models, Atmos. Environ., 98, 402-409.

• Carnevale, C, G. Finzi, A. Pederzoli, E. Turrini, M. Volta, G. Guariso, R. Gianfreda, G. Maffeis, E. Pisoni, P. Thunis, L. Markl-Hummel, N. Blond, A. Clappier, V. Dujardin, C. Weber and G. Perron, 2014: Exploring trade-offs between air pollutants through an Integrated Assessment Model, Science of the Total. Environ., 481, 7-16.

• Ho, Q., B., A. Clappier and N. Blond, 2014: Fast and optimized methodology to generate road traffic emission inventories and their uncertainties, Clean-Soil,Air,Water, 42, 1344-1350.

• Rahal, F., N. Benharrats, N. Blond, A. Clappier and J. L. Ponche, 2014: Modelling of air pollution in the area of Algiers City, Algeria, International J. of Environ. and Pol.., 54, p 32-58.

• Ho, Q., B. and A. Clappier, 2011. Road traffic emission inventory for air quality modelling and to evaluate the abatement strategies: A case of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Atmos. Environ., 45, 3584-3593.

• Rasheed, A., D. Robinson, A. Clappier, C. Narayanan, and D. Lakehal, 2011: Representing complex urban geometries in mesoscale modeling, Int. J. Climatol., 31, 289-301.

• Belalcazar, L., C., A. Clappier, N. Blond, T. Flassak, J. Eichhorn, 2010: An evaluation of the estimation of road traffic emission factors from tracer studies, Atmos Environ., 44,3814-3822.

• Ho, Q., B., A. Clappier, and F. Golay, 2010: Air pollution forecast for Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam in 2015 and 2020, Air Qual. Atmos. Health, 4, 145-158, DOI: 010.1007/s11869-010-0087-2.

• Krpo, A., F. Salamanca, A. Martilli and A. Clappier, 2010: On the Impact of Anthropogenic Heat Fluxes on the Urban Boundary Layer: A Two-Dimensional Numerical Study, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 136, 105-127.

• Sajjad, S. H., N. Blond, A. Clappier and A. Razza, 2010: The preliminary study of urbanization, fossil fuels consumptions and CO2 emission in Karachi, Afr. J. of Biotechnol., 9, 1941-1948.

• Salamanca, F., A. Krpo , A. Martilli and A. Clappier, 2010: A new building energy model coupled with an urban canopy parameterization for urban climate simulations-part I. formulation, verification, and sensitivity analysis of the model, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 99, 331-344.

• Belalcazar, L., C., O. Fuhrer, M. D. Ho, E. Zarate and A. Clappier, 2009: Estimation of road traffic emission factors from a long term tracer study, Atmos. Environ., 43,5830-5837.

• Baklanov, A., P. G. Mestayer, A. Clappier, S. Zilitinkevich, S. Joffre, A. Mahura and N. W. Nielsen, 2008: Towards improving the simulation of meteorological fields in urban areas through updated/advanced surface fluxes description, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 523-543.

• Zarate, E., L. C. Belalcazar, A. Clappier, V. Manzi and H. van den Bergh, 2007: Air quality modelling over Bogota city: combined techniques to estimate and evaluate emission inventories, Atmos. Environ., 41, 6302-6318.

• Tuia, D., R. Zah, M. Osses de Ecker, M. Osses, E. Zarate and A. Clappier, 2007: Evaluation of a simplified top-down model for the spatial assessment of traffic emissions in mid-sized cities: the case of Gran Concepcion, Chile, Atmos. Environ.., 41, 3658-3671.

• Ho, Q., B., A. Clappier, E. Zarate, H. Van den Bergh, O. Fuhrer, 2006: Air quality meso-scale modeling in Ho Chi Minh City: evaluation of some strategies’ efficiency to reduce pollution, Science and Technology Development, 9, 65-73.

• de Foy, B., A. Clappier, L. T. Molina and M. J. Molina, 2006: Distinct wind convergence patterns in the Mexico city basin due to the interaction of the gap winds with the synoptic flow, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 1249-1265.

• Roulet, Y.-A., A. Martilli, M. W. Rotach and A. Clappier, 2005: Validation of an urban surface exchange parameterization for mesoscale models – 1D case in a street canyon, J. of App. Meteorol., 44, 1484-1498.

• Rotach, M. W., R. Vogt, C. Bernhofer, E. Batchvarova, A. Christen, A. Clappier, B. Feddersen, S. E. Gryning, H. Mayer, V. Mitev, T. R. Oke, E. Parlow, H. Richner, M. Roth, Y. A. Roulet, D. Ruffieux, D. Salmond, M. Schatzmann and J. A. Voogt, 2005: BUBBLE – an urban boundary layer project, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 81, 231-261.

• Junier, M., F. Kirchner, A.Clappier and H. van den Bergh, 2005: The chemical mechanism generation program CHEMATA, part II: Comparison of four chemical mechanisms in a three-dimensional mesoscale simulation, Atmos. Environ., 39, 1161-1171.

• Haurie, A., J. Kubler, A. Clappier, H. van den Bergh, 2004: A metamodeling approach for integrated assessment of air quality policies, Environmental Modeling and Assessment, 9, 1-12.

• Martilli, A., Y. A. Roulet, M. Junier, F. Kirchner, M. Rotach, and A. Clappier, 2003: On the impact of urban surface exchange parameterisations on air quality simulations: the Athens case, Atmos. Environ., 37, 4217–4231.

• Thunis, P., S. Galmarini, A. Martilli , A. Clappier , S. Andronopoulos , J. Bartzis , M Vlachogianni , K. deRidder , N. Moussiopoulos , P. Sahm , R. Almbauer , P. Sturm , D. Oettl , S. Dierer , H. Schluezen, 2003: MESOCOM: An inter-comparison exercise of mesoscale flow models applied to an ideal case simulation, Atmos. Environ., 37, 363-382.

• Palacios, M., A. Martilli, F. Kirchner, A. Clappier, F. Martìn and, M. E. Rodrìguez, 2002: Summer ozone episodes in the Greater Madrid Area. Analyzing the ozone response to abatement strategies by modelling, Atmos. Environ., 36, 5323-5333.

• Martilli, A., A. Clappier, and, M. W. Rotach, 2002: An urban surfaces exchange parameterisation for mesoscale models, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 104, 261-304.

• Martilli A., P. Thunis, F. Müller, A. G. Russell, and, A. Clappier, 2002: An optimised method to couple meteorological and photochemical models, Environ. Mod. Soft., 17, 169-178.

• Kuebler, J., A.G. Russell, A. Hakami, A. Clappier and H. van den Bergh 2002: Episode selection for ozone modelling and control strategies analysis on the Swiss Plateau, Atmos. Environ., 36, 2817-2830.

• Palacios, M., A. Martilli, F. Kirchner, A. Clappier, F. Martìn and, M. E. Rodrìguez, 2002: Photochemical modeling of summer ozone episodes in the Great Madrid Area by using different chemical mechanisms, Int. J. Environment and Pollution, 18, 243-259.

• Martilli, A., A. Neftel, G. Favaro, F. Kirchner, S. Sillman, and, A. Clappier, 2002: Simulation of the ozone formation in the northern part of the Po Valley, J. of Geophys. Res., 107(D22), 8195.

• Couach, O., I. Balin, R. Jimenez, S. Perego, F. Kirchner, P. Ristori, V. Simeonov, P. Quaglia, V. Vestri, A. Clappier, B. Calpini, and H. van den Bergh, 2002: Study of a photochemical episode over the Grenoble area using a mesoscale model and intensive measurements, Pollution Atmosphérique, 174, 277-295.

• Jeanneret, F., F. Kirchner, A. Clappier, and, B. Calpini, 2001: Total VOC reactivity in the planetary boundary layer. Part I : Estimation by a new experimental, J. of Geophys. Res., 106, 3083-3093.

• Kirchner, F., B. Calpini, F. Jeanneret, A. Clappier, B. C. Krueger, and, H. van den Bergh, 2001: Total VOC reactivity in the planetary boundary layer. Part II :A new indicator for determining the sensitivity of the ozone production to VOC and NOx, , J. of Geophys. Res., 106, 3095-3110.

• Thunis, P., and A. Clappier, 2000: Formulation and evaluation of a nonhydrostatic mesoscale vorticity model (TVM), Mon. Wea. Rev, 128, N°9, 3236-3251.

• Grossi, P., P. Thunis, A. Martilli, and A. Clappier, 2000: Effect of sea breeze on air pollution in the Greater Athens Area. Part II: Analysis of different emission scenarios, J. Appl. Meteor. 39, N°4, 563-575.

• Clappier, A., A. Martilli, Grossi P., P. Thunis, F. Pasi, B.C. Krueger, B. Calpini, G. Graziani, and H. Van den Bergh, 2000: Effect of sea breeze on air pollution in the Greater Athens Area. Part I: Numerical simulations and field observations, J. Appl. Meteor, 39, N°4, 546-562.

• Martin, M., O. Oberson, B. Chopard, F. Müller, and A. Clappier, 1999: Atmospheric pollution transport: The parallelization of a transport & chemistry code, Atmos. Env, 33, 1853-1860.

• Calpini, B., F. Jeanneret, M. Bourqui, A. Clappier, R. Vajtai, and H. van den Bergh, 1999: Direct measurement of the total reaction rate of OH in the atmosphere, Analusis, 27, N°4, 36-44.

• Clappier, A., 1998: A correction method for use in multidimensional time splitting advection algorithms: Application to two-and three dimensional transport, Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 232-242.

• Giovannoni, J.-M., A. Clappier, and A. G. Russell, 1995: Ozone control strategy modeling and evaluation for Athens, Greece: ROG vs. NOx effectiveness and the impact of using different wind field preparation techniques, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 57, 3-20.

• French;
• English;
• Italian;
• Spanish.